Scharf

Also Sharf. German for sharp, clever. A reference to one's thinking abilities. 

Bagarat

Also Bagarad, Bogorad, Bogoradovsky.
Derived from the acronym "Ben Rabbi Dovid" ( a son of Rabbi Dovid).

Adelson

Adelson, Eidelson, Aidelson, etc.

From the female name Eidel, Yiddish for noble, refined. Thus Adelson  is Eidel's son.

Fisgeyer

Fisgeyer,  from Yiddish for feet (fis) and walker (gayer), i.e. pedestrian. Perhaps the original bearer of the name  couldn'd afford to pay for transportation and thus had to walk.

Pops

From pasowy, Polish for bright red. Perhaps a reference to red hair.

Eisenkot

Yiddish for iron - eisen  and a distorted form of kop (head), i.e. Ironhead. 

Perhaps the name originator was not deemed especially astute.

Gelblum

Yiddish for yellow (gelb) and flower (blum), i.e. yellow flower .